Essay on Religion and Medical Ethics - 1629 Words

Religion and Medical Ethics I am discussing the issues that are put forward by Christians concerning the sanctity of life in relation to abortion and what their beliefs are. There are no Biblical scriptures that deal directly with abortion; however I will refer to passages in the Bible that refer to life and other relevant areas. Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy and can be defined as the deliberate destruction of a foetus, causing its death. The 1967 Abortion Act allows a woman to terminate or end her pregnancy up to the 24th week; however there is no time limit if there is a high risk to her life or if the foetus has major abnormalities. A woman must also have the permission or consent†¦show more content†¦Another issue that you need to determine is ‘When does life really begin?’ Pro-choice people would say late in pregnancy, some would even say as late as birth. Genesis 2:7 would agree with this in that it was after God breathed life in Adam that he became living. ‘. . . and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.’ Genesis 2:7. While the pro-life people would say life begins at conception, right at the beginning. Another verse from the Old Testament could be used in agreement to this. ‘Thus saith the Lord that made thee, and formed thee from the womb . . .’ Isaiah 44:2. There is a keen debate concerning the moment a human embryo or foetus becomes fully human or when, according to Christian teaching, it has both body and soul. Within the Church Christians generally want to follow the teachings and principles found within the Bible and then apply them to the way they live. However this in not always easy due to the vast number of translations that are found today. It has lead to a variety of viewpoints concerning the moral thoughts on abortion. Generally the Church is united in its condemnation of abortion. It is a decision that must be taken very seriously and only in unusual circumstances when abortion is the lesser of two evils should it be carried out. Our belief in the sanctity ofShow MoreRelatedSubject of Research: Medical Ethics and Christianity706 Words   |  3 PagesSubject of Research: Medical Ethics and Christianity Medical ethics is an arrangement of moral principles that relates to values and judgments through the practice of medicine. When it comes to medical ethics, Christianity plays a very big role in this moral belief just as any other religion does. In our daily practice of medicine, the seven principles of medical ethics is a vital part in life-and-death decisions, and it is always up-to-date on human life issues. The one that I mainly wanted toRead MoreBiomedical Ethics : A Study Of The Line Between God And Medicine1611 Words   |  7 PagesBiomedical Ethics: A Study of the Line Between God and Medicine During the years of 1975 and 1976, a Supreme Court Case was fought that changed the world of biomedical ethics. On April 14, 1975, twenty-one-year-old Karen Quinlan experienced severe brain damage after ingesting a combination of narcotics and alcohol. Shortly after this, she lost consciousness and quit breathing for two periods of fifteen minutes each The young woman’s doctors declared her brain dead due to the irreversible trauma thatRead MoreThe Hippocratic Oath And Medical Ethics866 Words   |  4 PagesIn general, contemporary physicians are primarily trained to be competent in the field of medicine, from diagnosing their patients to prescribing therapy. Yet, they are not heavily taught medical ethics during their schooling: how should physicians conduct themselves around their patients? 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Many people may believe that physicians would never perform the latter, but in actuality one practice does so. Physician assisted suicide is the intentional ending of one’s life brought on by lethal substances prescribed by a doctor. In the majority of cases, the patient is terminally ill and simply does not desire to live any longer. Their physician provides the medicationRead MoreEthical Issues Related to the Cloning Debate1389 Words   |  6 Pagesat the heart of bioethics. As a student of genetic biology and future biologist, this question also has personal relevance. Our science is evolving at a rapid pace. As human cloning becomes increasingly possible, it is important that we analyze the ethics of cloning so that judicious public policy can be created. It is therefore my position that research into cloning should continue to fulfill the fundamental goals of scientific exploration and to explore the possibilities that cloning might have inRead MoreReligious Beliefs Affect The Medical Decision Making Of Canadians1727 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This research project aims to explore the ways in which religious beliefs affect the medical-decision making of Canadians in Ottawa. Due to the diverse population in Canada people often practice medical plurality; which is employing biomedical and spiritual methods of healing modalities. Several Canadians have adopted informal guidelines according to their belief systems that dictate which medical healing modalities they seek when illness arises. In order to investigate the ways in which biomedicalRead MoreResearching Physician Assisted Suicide801 Words   |  3 Pagescomes down to whatever holds people back, whether it is their views on religion or oaths from many years ago, it should be considered a correct practice. In fact, in the case of Vacco v. Quill, one point raised was that Over time, the Hippocratic Oath has been changed, and deleted. In order to do-no-harm one would end suffering instead of prolonging it. With the use of Supreme Court cases, and professional psychologist and medical quotations, one can see the clear reasons that this topic must be allowedRead MoreThe s Roles : Integrating Spiritual Care Into The Health System1311 Words   |  6 Pageshealth care professionals, discussion on ethics, and the roles that spirituality, culture and religion p lay in positive health outcomes. The occupation of a chaplain comes with many different roles. Their duties include comforting, listening, and being a guide as patients travel through a world of emotions. Here in the U.S. health care chaplains play a big role in providing spiritual care and support for patients. Referring back to the mini lecture on religion and health. Spiritual assessment and careRead MoreSpiritual Competence: Sikh Beliefs and Faiths1432 Words   |  6 PagesChallenges of providing medical treatment to people of different religious backgrounds may be altered. All members of the health care team need to address the issues and concerns regarding specific health care practices and religious beliefs and remove their perspective from the situation. The following paper will discuss three different religions while incorporating a comparison of beliefs, perspective on healing and the perspective on health care to that of the Christian Religion. Sikh Beliefs and

Restaurant Business free essay sample

The popularity of fast food establishments came in the 1980’s, and over the last years, the industry has consistently posted double-digit growth rates. Supporting human resources include hotel and restaurant managers and assistant managers, housekeeping supervisors, security personnel, chefs, cooks, waiters, bartenders, and other related workers and professionals directly involved in hotel and restaurant services. Francis Villaluz a director for marketing of Gerry’s Grill was asked how’s the  restaurant industry  doing these days and what’s its greatest challenge?He said â€Å"It’s still doing well, were still getting crowds. There’s still a need for it. The restaurant industry does have seasonality like other businesses. Gerry’s Grill  has 17 branches. Growth depends on the area you are in. According to our survey, restaurants are location-driven. People who eat in a certain branch live or work a few kilometers away. † Villaluz also mentioned that in the course of business, if sales will slightly go down, it means businessman have to reinvent and repackage. We will write a custom essay sample on Restaurant Business or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Manilareview. com reported that like every other country, the food industry has flourished very well in Philippines.Filipinos love to eat and that’s the reason why you will see a lot of restaurants and fast foods restaurants scattered in the cities. These restaurants and fast foods can be local or international food chains. Filipino food and chefs are considered one of the best in the world. It is hardly surprising that Filipino food is often labeled as somewhat strange (like the â€Å"balut† for example) but in its own way, its food is a unique mixture of eastern and western cuisines and reflects the history of Philippines. The Filipino food includes dishes and cooking procedures from China, Spain, Mexico, United States, and more recently from further abroad.However, what makes them Filipino is the history and society that introduced and adapted them; the people who turned them to their tastes and accepted them into their homes and restaurants, and specially the harmonizing culture that combined them into modern Filipino fare. Some of the popular fast food chains of Philippines are Jollibee, McDonald, KFC, Chowking, etc. and popular restaurants being Abe, Chelsea, Friday’s, Chili’s and a lot more. Attracting a huge crowd to restaurants or fast foods require more than just good food. Though important, good food is only a part of the total dining experience.Equally important is believed to be the way people feel while in the restaurant. This physical and emotional response is a result of the atmosphere, the total environment to which customers are exposed. The proper atmosphere can make the food, service and whole dining experience seem better. For that reason a restaurant or a fast food must take care of the following to please its customers. This includes checking the cleanliness of the place and freshness of the food, guarded premises, parking area where people can park, ambiance and landscaping, building design, lighting, and even music. FOREIGNEven in a business based on flavor, theres no need to sugarcoat the truth: The restaurant industry is facing hard times. In December, the National Restaurant Association (NRA) released its 2009 Restaurant Industry Forecast that predicted although 2009 restaurant industry sales will exceed $566 billiona 2. 5 percent increase from last yearthe numbers translate to an inflation-adjusted decline of at least 1 percent. And thats putting it kindly. Right now, credit is tight and investment capital is practically nonexistent. Inevitably, the consolidation of the banking industry will have a detrimental impact on restaurants nationwide.

Cadbury Schweppes free essay sample

In late October 2002, Sir John Sunderland, chairman and CEO of Cadbury Schweppes, contemplated the future of his global confectionery and beverage company. Over the previous decade, the company had made several acquisitions to complement its portfolio of chocolate, soft drinks, sugar confectionery (candy), and gum. Now it was considering a bid for Adams, the number two player in the worldwide gum business and, with its Halls brand, a leader in sugar confectionery. After researching the acquisition for many months, his Chief Strategy Officer Todd Stitzer and the Adams deal team were approaching the point of no return. Sunderland knew that they would have to bid more than $4 billion to have any chance of winning Adams. Should they go ahead with the offer and if so, was all debt financing of the bid appropriate? At this lofty price, how certain could the Cadbury Schweppes’ team be that they could create value? He wondered, was the strategy behind the acquisition sound, and could the leadership team successfully execute an acquisition and integration plan of this magnitude? History of Cadbury Schweppes Cadbury Schweppes was formed by the 1969 merger of a beverage company started by Jacob Schweppe in 1783 in Geneva, Switzerland and a chocolate business started by John Cadbury in Birmingham, U. We will write a custom essay sample on Cadbury Schweppes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page K. in 1824. While Schweppes was best known for its mixers, such as tonic water, the firm was the number three competitor in the beverage business after Coca-Cola and PepsiCo. Cadbury Schweppes was the number four player in the global chocolate business, having exited related businesses such as biscuits (cookies) in a restructuring in the 1980s. This had focused the company on its core beverage and confectionery brands, the former of which was fortified by the acquisitions of carbonated soft drink (CSD) brands Canada Dry and Sunkist (1986), Dr. Pepper and Seven-Up (1995), and Orangina (2001) while also expanding in non-CSD beverages including Mott’s (1982), Hawaiian Punch (1999), and Snapple (2000). In confectionery, the firm acquired non-chocolate businesses such as Trebor (1989), Bassett (1989), and Hollywood, its first chewing gum acquisition (2000). (Exhibit 3) Early in 2002, Cadbury Schweppes ventured deeper into gum with the $307 million acquisition of Danish company Dandy. Although many of these acquisitions were regarded as successes, Snapple and Orangina were publicly perceived as management integration challenges, and Cadbury Schweppes was eager not to repeat its mistake of leaving newly acquired companies alone for too long. In fact, even in 2002 the headquarters of two of the three U. S. beverage businesses were within 20 miles of each other and had not yet been consolidated. Geographically, the beverage business was focused on North America, Europe, and Australia, having sold off beverage brands in 160 other markets in 1999. Since the acquisition of Dr. Pepper and Seven-Up in 1995, the business had increased steadily due to good sales growth and delivery of cost synergies. However, by 2001–2002, growth was slowing—Cadbury Schweppes remained a distant third in the U. S. soft drink business, with 9. 5% of total volume, and had lost market share to leaders Coca-Cola (27. 1%), Pepsi (26. 4%), and Nestle over the previous two years. The company was seventh in the much more fragmented Western European soft drink market. [ii] Cadbury Schweppes was slightly ahead of Pepsi in terms of market share in Australasia, but was dwarfed by Coca-Cola which had five times its share. iii] While Coca-Cola and Pepsi had attacked with an â€Å"unprecedented number of recent product launches† such as Vanilla Coke and Sierra Mist, Cadbury Schweppes had launched only a single new Dr. Pepper product, Dr. Pepper Fusion, during the previous seven years. Despite the new product introduction, Dr. Pepper growth was slow and as Pepsi bottler’s delisted Seven-Up in favor of Sierra Mist, Seven-Up’s volume fell 5%. Moreover, analysts expected volumes to fall by double digits during the next year. [iv] In confectionery the firm had a wide geographic scope covering Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia as well as Canada and Argentina. The exception was the U. S. where Cadbury Schweppes had sold the rights to its confectionery brands to Hershey in 1988. [v] As a result, royalties for Cadbury products were capped in the U. S. except for the sale of Cadbury Creme Eggs, which did most of their volume at Easter. Overall, operating margins in confectionery had declined from about 13% in 1998 to 12% in 2002.

Kusku cagi essays

Kusku cagi essays KLASà K KAPà TALà ZMà N UMUDU VE PEYGAMBERLERà  Bugnk ekonomik dzenin alt yapà ½sà ½nà ½n ve dà ¾nce à ¾eklinin oluà ¾masà ½ uzun bir zaman dilimini kapsamà ½Ãƒ ¾tà ½r. Bu oluà ¾umun on sekizinci yzyà ½là ½n ikinci yarà ½sà ½nda baà ¾ladà ½Ãƒ °Ãƒ ½ kabul edilir. Ekonomik yaà ¾am, Batà ½ Avrupada(yoà °un olarak à ngilterede) ve daha sonrada New Englandda buhar makinesinin icadà ½ ve Dokuma Devrimi ile deà °ià ¾meye baà ¾lamà ½Ãƒ ¾tà ½r. Sanayi Devrimi ile ekonomik dà ¾nceler de deà °ià ¾meye baà ¾lamà ½Ãƒ ¾tà ½r. Sanayi Devriminden nce ekonomik dzene kà ½rsal blgelerde yaà ¾ayanlar yn veriyordu. Gà §, insanlarà ½n sahip olduklarà ½ topraà °Ãƒ ½n ve yaà ¾adà ½klarà ½ yerlerin byklà ° ile là §lmekteydi Tm à ½rklar ià §inde à skoà §lar nemli iktisatà §Ãƒ ½lar yetià ¾tirmià ¾lerdir. à skoà §yanà ½n yetià ¾tirdià °i en nl kià ¾i ve ilk iktisatà §Ãƒ ½ Adam Smithtir. Smith Wealth of Nations adlà ½ yapà ½tà ½nda kendi kià ¾ià ¾el à §Ãƒ ½karlarà ½yla à §elià ¾kili olduà °u halde yksek prensip sahibi olma iddiasà ½nda bulunan insanlardan kuà ¾ku duyduà °unu belirtmià ¾tir. Smithin ziyaret ettià °i kià ¾ilerden biri Voltairedir.Voltaire yeni bilgiler toplayarak dà ¾ncelerini gelià ¾tiriyordu. Voltairenin bu zellià °i Smithin ufkunu genià ¾letmià ¾ ve onu alanà ½nda bir nc yapmà ½Ãƒ ¾tà ½r. Smith Fransada bulunduà °u sà ½rada Fransanà ½n en nemli gelir kaynaà °Ãƒ ½ tarà ½mdà ½. Fizyokratlar diye bilinen bir grup ekonomik dà ¾nr tm zenà °inlià °in topraktan, dolayà ½sà ½yla tarà ½mdan kaynaklandà ½Ãƒ °Ãƒ ½na inanà ½yorlardà ½. Smithi bu gruptan en à §ok etkileyen Franà §ois Quesnaydi. Quesnayà ½n Ekonomik Tablosu ekonomik sistemin karà ¾Ãƒ ½là ½klà ½ blmlerini gsteriyordu. Smith Uluslarà ½n Zenginlià °inin Yapà ½sà ½ ve Nedenleri ÃÅ"zerine Bir Ara...

Analysis & Critique of The Third Angel Book by Alice Hoffman Essay

Analysis & Critique of The Third Angel Book by Alice Hoffman - Essay Example The third story is about Maddy’s mother; Lucy. At the tender age of 12, Lucy was forcibly pulled to attend the wedding of her stepmother’s sister. Half-heartedly Lucy attends the wedding with no joy, unhappy face and an unrest soul. The novel revolves around the sweetness of love and the sheer bitterness of heartbreak filled with a triumph of hope that makes every individual hopeful for a bright sunny day after a dark stormy night. Critical Analysis of the Novel: Alice Hoffman has intelligently interlocked three stories together in a single book, though each story sounds about a different individual but somehow all the three characters of this novel are cleverly linked with one another. The Third Angel is all about love and betrayal, hope and misery, happiness and sadness that haunts around and inside the Lion Park Hotel as ghosts; shouting and screaming in madness. The room 707 in the hotel always makes the presence of the ghosts be felt through their angry voices; sho uting high right at 10.30 p.m. Alice Hoffman has set the events taking place in different years 1999, 1966 and 1952. ... A person may lack words to explain the author’s efforts in maintaining the flow of the story without distracting the mind of the reader. The author has showed her efforts that how skillfully she has managed to keep the pace of a novel. The characters can be seen going through the rough patch in their lives, sometimes appearing as innocent as a little child and sometimes cruel enough to be betraying their loved ones. They are living with their suffering souls that sometimes they transform into Third Angel as described by Frieda’s doctor father. Frieda remembers her father as a serious, practical but a loving man. Her father used to take her on his house calls, where he tells her about the three angels; the Angel of Life, the Angel of Death, and then there is another Angel, who is known as the Third Angel. He tells Frieda that the Angel of Life and the Angel of Death ride with him when he makes a house call but then there is another third angel, who is a mysterious one; t he doctor tells Frieda, 'You can't even tell if he's an angel or not. You think you're doing him a kindness, you think you're the one taking care of him, while all the while, he's the one who's saving your life.' Alice Hoffman’s characters are complicated to understand. They love and then they betray their loved ones or even sometimes, they end up betraying themselves. But these characters possess some heroic traits in them. They learn how to mend their broken souls and sometimes, without our knowing they become, the Third Angel. They learn kindness, compassion for their loved ones, for those whom they betray and for themselves. Main Themes of the Novel: The main themes of the novel revolve around life and death and about loving someone with all your heart and

Coginitive Coaching Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Coginitive Coaching - Assignment Example g that being honest and having integrity helps others to build trust on an individual, planning becomes key since it enables the coach present the truth, while also focusing on the beliefs about right and wrong that will inform his/her coaching (Dubrin, 2005). Observation is another vital aspect of the cognitive coaching, since it helps the coach to observe and take note of the figure of speech of the individual to be coached, which the coach then applies, to develop and show empathy (Dubrin, 2005). Empathy is an essential aspect of the coaching process that creates understanding between the coach and the individual to be coached, which is made effective when the coach applies the same figures of speech as the coached. Lastly reflection allows the coach to effectively develop superior instructions in teachers, through allowing the coach to focus on the same experiences that they have had in the past, and then use such experiences to build a persuasion strategy that will effectively i nfluence the individuals being coached towards the right direction (Dubrin,

Aristotle and Meteorology Essay Example for Free

Aristotle and Meteorology Essay Introduction: Aristotle wrote about many subjects that can be grouped into five general divisions: logic, physical works, psychological works, natural history works, and philosophical works. One of the little known physical works concerned meteorology. Aristotles views on meteorology are fascinating, but many of the views were not accurate. This paper compares only a few of his views to actual meteorological facts. I. Biography A. Birth and growth B. Influence on writings II. Basis of Aristotles meteorology A. Elements and theory B. Science and facts III. Water vapor and precipitation A. Aristotles view B. Science and fact. IV. Winds A. Aristotles view B. Science and fact Conclusion: Aristotle explained the various meteorological phenomenon in simplistic terms. The explanations match his theory of how matter and shape were interrelated. Aristotles ideas on water vapor and precipitation were somewhat accurate, considering that there were no tools to measure the atmosphere in his time. His views on wind, however, were not accurate at all. He wrote extensively on winds, but never fully comprehended how wind occurred. September 5, 2000 Aristotle on Meteorology Aristotle was born in 384 BC, at Stagirus, a Greek colony on the Aegean Sea near Macedonia. In 367 BC, Aristotle entered the Academy at Athens and studied under Plato, attending his lectures for a period of twenty years. In the later years of his association with Plato and the Academy, he began to lecture on his own account, especially on the subject of rhetoric. When Plato died in 347, Aristotle and another of Platos students, Xenocrates, left Athens for Assus, and set up an academy (Encyclopedia 2). In 342, Aristotle returned to Macedonia and became the tutor to a very young Alexander the Great. He did this for the next five to seven years. Both Philip and Alexander appear to have paid Aristotle high honor. There are stories that indicate the Macedonian court supplied Aristotle with funds for teaching, and with slaves to collect specimens for his studies in natural science (Encyclopedia 4). Aristotle returned to Athens when Alexander the Great began his conquests. He found the Platonic school flourishing under Xenocrates, and Platonism the dominant philosophy of Athens (Encyclopedia 5). Aristotle thus set up his own school at a place called the Lyceum. When teaching at the Lyceum, Aristotle had a habit of walking about as he discoursed. It was because of this that his followers became known in later years as the peripatetics, meaning, to walk about (Shakian 126). For the next thirteen years, he devoted his energies to his teaching and composing his philosophical treatises. His institution integrated extensive equipment, including maps and the largest library collection in Europe. He is said to have given two kinds of lectures: the more detailed discussions in the morning for an inner circle of advanced students, and the popular discourses in the evening for the general body of lovers of knowledge. At the sudden death of Alexander in 323 BC, the pro-Macedonian government in Athens was overthrown, and a general reaction occurred against anything Macedonian. A charge of impiety was trumped up against Aristotle. To escape prosecution he fled to Chalcis in Euboea so that (Aristotle says) The Athenians might not have another opportunity of sinning against philosophy as they had already done in the person of Socrates (Encyclopedia 5). In the first year of his residence at Chalcis he complained of a stomach illness and died in 322 BC (Encyclopedia 7). One of Aristotles writings is about meteorology. His theories are based on his belief that all objects in the world are composed of form and matter and the world is arranged according to the relative standing each object occupies in the universe (Shakian 127). This basis led to his theory that any motion was from the center or to the center (Encyclopedia 28). Aristotle saw the universe as a scale lying between the two extremes: form without matter on one end, and matter without form on the other end. Additionally, he believed all matter is made of four bodies: fire, air, water, and earth (Encyclopedia 29). With this information as a basis, it is no wonder that any remaining theories would probably be incorrect. Scientific fact cannot disprove that all objects are of form and matter. Any one can agree or disagree with that philosophy. However, scientific fact does show that movement can occur in directions away from the center or toward the center. For example, solar radiation from the sun does not travel in direct lines to or from a center. Some of the radiation scatters into space. Some is reflects from the earths surface and is lost into space (Lutgens 37-43). Air molecules do not move toward or away from a center. Air particles move in an infinite number of directions due to molecule size, shape, weight and composition. Finally, Aristotles theory that matter is made of four bodies is dramatically short sighted. Air is a mixture of at least nine different components and is constantly changing in composition. Nitrogen and oxygen make up nearly 99% of the volume of dry air. Of all the components of air, carbon dioxide is the most interest to meteorologists (Lutgens 5). In all fairness, Aristotle had no way to measure or determine the exact components of the atmosphere. In book 1, part 3 of Aristotles meteorology, Aristotle describes his explanation of water vapor. His explanation describes the area between the surface of the earth and the visible portion of the Milky Way. It is important to note that he views the Milky Way as a plane or upper level surface (Aristotle, Meteorology 253). Aristotle is very close to a scientific answer when he deduced that what immediately surrounds the earth is not mere air, but a sort of vapour, and that its vaporous nature is the reason why it condenses back to water again (Aristotle, Meteorology 253). His logic is interesting when he indicates that this expanse of a body cannot be fire for then all the rest would have dried up (Aristotle Meteorology 254). In part 9, Aristotle addressed the issue of precipitation. He explained that air condensing into water becomes a cloud. Mist is what remains when a cloud condenses into water. He further explained that when water falls in small drops, it is drizzle, and when the drops are larger, it is called rain (Aristotle Meteorology 267). This is one area where Aristotle was close to accurate. One flaw is his view of the Milky Way as a flat plane. Science has shown that the Milky Way is just one of an infinite number of star galaxies. Aristotle realized water vapor existed. He also realized that the area between the earth and the heavens was not fire. What Aristotle deduced as water vapor is scientifically referred to as a parcel of air. As the air parcel rises, it cools and may condense to form a cloud (Lutgens 81). Aristotle believed the remains of water vapor that did not form a cloud was mist. Actually, what remains is just other air parcels. The energy used to condense the air molecule is released as latent heat creating a cycle of rising and sinking air molecules (Lutgens 82-83). Aristotle provided names for the size of water droplets. It is possible that Aristotle coined the names drizzle and rain. Scientifically, drizzle is defined as small droplets of less than . 5 mm. Rain is defined as droplets of . 5 mm to 5 mm (Lutgens 131). Aristotle dedicated several chapters to the theory of winds. Without scientific measurements, the cause or theory of wind was difficult to determine or explain. Aristotle compared wind to a flowing river in book 1 (Aristotle Meteorology 348). Unfortunately, Aristotle could not discern why the river of wind never dried up. Therefore, he abandoned that theory and analogy of wind and simply tried to explain rivers instead. In book two, he dedicated three more chapters to wind. Aristotle used his theory of water vapor and direct observation of something he called smoke to describe the occurrence of wind. He related the rising water vapor and the heat of the sun. This combination created wind. Rain contributed to wind development by causing calm winds after a rain (Encyclopedia 191). Wind must have been a difficult subject for Aristotle to explain, considering how much was written about the subject. The facts indicate he was close to an answer but never fully understood the concept of wind. The definition of wind is the result of horizontal differences in air pressure. Air flows from areas of high pressure to areas of lower pressure. It is natures method to balance inequalities of pressure. Unequal heating of the earths surface generates the pressure differences. Therefore, solar radiation is the ultimate driving force of wind (Lutgens 149). The effects Aristotle explained were often the results of the pressure changes. He realized the sun had some influence. The clam wind after a rain is an occurrence with strong thunderstorms that leave a micro scale high-pressure dome in their wake (Lutgens 153). Aristotle explained the various meteorological phenomenon in simplistic terms. The explanations match his theory of how matter and shape were interrelated. Aristotles ideas on water vapor and precipitation were somewhat accurate, considering there were no tools to measure the atmosphere in his time. His views on wind, however, were not accurate at all. He wrote extensively on winds but never fully comprehended how wind occurred Works Cited Aristotle. Great Books of the Western World. Volume 1. Chicago: Robert P. Gwinn, 1990. Aristotle. Meteorology 113 438. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Internet Address: http://classics. mit. edu/Aristotle/meteorology. 1. i. html. Translated by E. W. Webster. 27 Aug. 2000. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1-321. University of Tennessee at Martin. Internet Address: http://www. utm. edu/research/iep/a/aristotl. htm. 24 Aug. 2000. Lutgens, Frederick K. and Edward J. Tarbuck. The Atmosphere. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1992. Sahakian, William S. and Mabel Lewis Sahakian. Ideas of the Great Philosophers. New York: Barnes Noble Inc. , 1970.